The And Chemical Kill Off Bacteria - 720 Words

kground Research: I will be experimenting how well different products, natural and chemical kill off bacteria. I’ll be testing different products such as Vinegar, Manuka honey, Ajax, tea tree oil and Dettol Hand Sanitizer. By testing the rate at which these products kill off bacteria I will be able to determine the most effective products and compare the differences between each products efficiency. Vinegar: Vinegar has been efficiently tested in killing bacteria. An experiment done in February 201 found that Vinegar has a large effect on reducing Tuberculosis mycobacteria. Claudia Cortesia and Howard Takiff from Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Investigation in Caracas collaborated with Catherin Vilcheze and William Jacobs Jr. from Albert Einstein Collage of medicine in New York in testing TB strains of bacteria’s reaction to 6% solution of acetic acid. They found that â€Å" exposure to 6% acetic acid, just slightly more concentrated then supermarket vinegar, for 30 minutes, reduced the number of TB mycobacteria from around 100 million to undetectable levels.† (Cortesia, Vilcheze and Bernut) Manuka Honey: honey contains hydrogen peroxide which is what gives it its antibiotic quality however some Manuka honeys have a unusual non- peroxide type of antibacterial activity, Manuka Honey with the non-peroxide characteristic is known as ‘Active Manuka Honey.’ Manuka honey without the non-peroxide characteristic get their antibacterial properties from Hydrogen Peroxide. â€Å" TheShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Anti Microbial Products On Zone Of Inhibition1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Anti-Microbial Products on Zone of Inhibition Background Information: Bacteria, singular form bacterium, are microorganisms which belong to their own animal kingdom – Kingdom Monera. All bacteria are alive and require to reproduce and eat. In the experiment, the bacteria used is called Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause a variety of diseases (e.g. meningitis, boils and abscesses, osteomyelitis, pneumonia etc.). Various strains of Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to some antibioticsRead MoreAntibiotic Resistant Bacteria Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesAntibiotic Resistant Bacteria â€Å"Antibiotics is the name given to the group of chemicals, particularly in medicine, that stop or inhibit the growth of, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and parasites, or that kill the microorganism. They are, however, completely ineffective against viruses. There are two kinds of antibiotics, namely; bactericides, which interfere with the cell wall or contents of the bacteria, thereby killing it, and bacteriostatics, which prevent the bacteria from reproducingRead MoreWhy Gmo Should Be Banned1382 Words   |  6 PagesMonsanto. Farmers have had lawsuits brought against them by Monsanto because their crops possessed traits of the GMO seeds. The soil is ruined and contaminated with the chemicals. It also eventually spreads threw many different process. Some of the processes are runoff, average gusts, and naturally occurring weather. When a GMO chemical is spread in this way it contaminates other areas. For example, a GMO gene can travel to another farm that is an o rganic farm or a non-GMO farm and those plants willRead MoreTesting Various Disinfectants On Bacteria Covered Toothbrushes804 Words   |  4 Pages12/11/2015 Disinfectants vs. Bacteria This project involves testing various disinfectants on bacteria covered toothbrushes to see which method is most effective. The three main methods of disinfectants are hydrogen peroxide, U.V rays to kill bacteria, and antibacterial soap. Learning what is in the various disinfectants that eliminate bacteria is beneficial to understanding the experiment. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that reproduce quickly. Pathogens are bacteria that cause sickness. OnceRead MoreTesting Various Disinfectants On Bacteria Covered Toothbrushes799 Words   |  4 PagesDisinfectants vs. Bacteria This project involves testing various disinfectants on bacteria covered toothbrushes to see which method is most effective. The three main methods of disinfectants are hydrogen peroxide, U.V rays to kill bacteria, and antibacterial soap. Learning what is in the various disinfectants that eliminate bacteria is beneficial to understanding the experiment. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that reproduce quickly. Pathogens are bacteria that cause sickness. Once the bodyRead MoreThe Intestinal Tract Of Human And Animals963 Words   |  4 PagesBacteria are micro-organisms that inhabit and play a functional role in the intestinal tract of human and animals. (USA Government , 2012). The intestinal tract of humans is colonized by a complex range of micro-organism including Escherichia coli (E.coli) which exists as part of the natural flora of human gut. These micro-organisms have many beneficial functions including the production of vitamin K2 (MNT, 2013). Strains of E.coli are generally not pathogenic to humans except for toxigenic strainsRead MoreWhat Kills Germs LAB986 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Olivia Spears Mrs. Wisniew Biology, Red 3 1 April 2014 What Kills Germs? Lab Report I. What Kills Germs: II. Statement of the Problem: A. What antibacterial substance disinfects an object the best? B. Background information about Bacteria is that they are fast growing organisms that need to be contained. C. Independent Variables: antibacterial soap, household bleach, household disinfectant, penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin D. Dependent Variables: Hemophilus influenzae, StraphylococcusRead MoreWater And Water : An Essential Constituent Of The Life On Earth1657 Words   |  7 Pagesgroundwater. Less than 0.3% of the entire freshwater is comprised within streams, rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere (Gleick, 1993). This scarce fluid has been used for a variety of human uses, such as agriculture, drinking, washing, transportation, chemical uses, heat exchange, fire extinction, recreation, food processing, etc. Although the amount of freshwater is scarce, it is not a limited finite source, but it is not an unlimited renewable source either. Water is a non-renewable source that is re-circulatedRead MoreThe Sources, Environmental Impact, and Control of Water Pollution838 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental challenges. It occurs when water is contaminated by such substances as human and animal wastes, toxic chemicals, metals and oils. Pollution can affect rain, rivers, lakes, oceans and the water beneath the earth, called ground water. Polluted water may look clean or dirty, but it all contains bacteria, viruses, chemicals or other chemicals than can cause illness or even death. Impurities must be removed before such water can be used safely for drinkingRead MoreClean Water Act Protects Water1453 Words   |  6 Pagesin them, but they are mixed up with other chemicals that can cause our body’s to become fat. This is why clean water is one of the most important things on the planet. There are regulations to public drinking water. The government puts these regulations on the water supply, so that we can stay healthy. Water can carry bacteria that can kill you. The most common type of bacteria in water is E. coli and Fecal coliform. E. coli and fecal coliform are bacteria from humans and animals waste, and can get

Reconstruction after the Civil War - 900 Words

After Reading John Hope Franklin’s Reconstruction after the Civil War I have a completely new outlook on reconstruction. Some may say that this book, regardless of its historical contribution on Reconstruction, which it tries to demolish William Dunning’s myth of white supremacy. It is also has a very serious attempt to be fair and objective about a very controversial period when race, politics and ideology played a very different role in Society. It is precisely in Franklin’s ability to deal with these three issues; race, ideology and politics. This makes his book interesting and much different from other books that have been written on the subject. Franklin’s work was taken because everyone knew the clear disadvantage of†¦show more content†¦Here is a crucial part of American history which apparently changed the nation forever, and in reality it was a demonstration of the failure to make a dependable political transformation of the country. Franklin examined, state by state, the consequences of these policies. In Georgia there was an â€Å"expulsion of blacks from the legislature†¦In North Carolina the radicals lost their grip in 1870, after two years of difficult and uncertain rule. Tennessee went conservative ending a four year period as the first state of the former Confederacy to be reconstructed. The democrats won Texas in 1873 and Alabama and Arkansas in the following year. Mississippi capitulated in 1875.† Therefore, race was a real factor in Reconstruction, ideology and politics were the only way to put those racial prejudices in practice. Racism is guided by emotions, but it is also structured by intellectual convictions. When someone believes in the inferiority of one particular race it could be shown through social behaviors and political actions. That is related to the other argument of Franklin’s book: the confederacy mentality. The confederacy thought is beyond belief itself. It is an exceptional cultural background founded on certain values and represented in certain attitudes. One example of that, Franklin had mentioned, is that â€Å"the violence directed against blacks on almost every hand indicated how determined the formerShow MoreRelatedThe Reconstruction After The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesend to start something new. One such movement was the Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period between 1865 and 1877 following the Civil War, during which people of the United States worked to put the country back together again, introducing a new set of significant challenges. Though, like all things in life, it did come to an end, the resulting outcome had been labeled both a success and a failure. The Reconstruction after the Civil War consisted of failures as well as successes. DespiteRead MoreThe Reconstruction of America after the Civil War1078 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War left a country divided not only by property lines and borders but by beliefs as well. Not just religious beliefs, moral beliefs also. It left both sides, north and south struggling, trying to figure out what their next move towards reuniting the divided America was going to be. The period following the end of the Civil War would become known as the â€Å"Reconstruction Era.† An era that raised just as many questions as it did answers. A reconstruction of America that seems to carry on manyRead MoreReconstruction After Civil War Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction Reconstruction was a period of time between 1865 and 1877, which was very complex and controversial. It refers to the actual rebuilding of the south physically, economically and politically from the damage of the Civil War. It was an effort to rebuild southern states and also to restore the Union. During this time period, the federal government passed a series of laws, acts and amendments to bring change. Many of these amendments guaranteed the equal rights to African-AmericansRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction After the Civil War934 Words   |  4 PagesThe period of Reconstruction began during the Civil War and ended in 1877. This era is known for the advancements made in favor of racial equality. These improvements included the fourteenth amendment (citizenship and equal protection under the law to blacks) and the fifteenth amendment (voting rights for blacks) of the Constitution. Yet, with the end of Reconstruction in 1877, the Republican Party lost control of the southern governments and the Democratic Party took over. This shift in power wasRead MoreReconstruction After the Civil War Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesReconstruction was the foremost goal for many after the civil war. Yet, various individuals and political parties held a plethora of contrasting beliefs concer ning how to face this reconstruction task. In terms of the Reconstruction, two ideas permeated the political field: who would have the authority to enact these changes and in what ways would national unity be accomplished. It is obvious that throughout this time the power held within the federal government would be challenged by southern stateRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era after the Civil War558 Words   |  2 Pages The Reconstruction Era The Reconstruction Era was looked upon with much optimism, considering that abolitionists and African Americans believed that this process would make it possible for them to achieve their goals. The project was generally meant to assist the South in reintegrating in the Union and in assisting African Americans to become equal to white individuals in the U.S. The Freedmen were apparently one of the main missions that the Reconstruction was designed for and it actually seemedRead MoreAmerican Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pages Reconstruction was a period of time after the Civil War (1865-1877) that was supposed to be the rebuilding of America. It was also the process used to readmit all the Confederate states back into the Union. There was controversy, however, on how to go about rebuilding the nation. Abraham Lincoln proposed a lenient plan. After he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson proposed a very similar plan. The Radical Republicans, a group of legislators that were in favor of freedmen’s rights, were opposedRead MoreReconstruction Policy after the Civil War Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesPost-civil war the torn nation juggles wide ranges of emotions as they attempt to piece together the shattered unity but didn’t know how to go about doing so. President Lincoln had great plans for the reconstruction but was killed before he could put them into action. He was murdered by John Booth at Ford Theater and passed the next morning. Lincoln’s Vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took ove r and became the new president. Johnson and Congress argued about how to go about the reconstruction and inRead MoreThe Problems of the Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the conclusion of America’s Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln pitched the idea of â€Å"Reconstruction,† which would bring the southern states back into the Union. President Lincoln, according to many radical Republicans, was too gentle on the south. The government was divided on how to solve the issue of readmitting the southern states back into the Union. In addition to that, the government was not certain on what rights to enumerate to the newly emancipated slaves. These issues became moreRead MoreThe Reconstruction Effort That Occurred After The Civil War1476 Words   |  6 Pages The Reconstruction effort that occurred after the Civil War from 1865 - 1866 had both positive and negative effects on the nation. Leading up to the Reconstruction attempt, there was developing regional differences between the North and South. Slavery was the issue of the decade. North argued that it was inhumane, while the South was quick to point out that many Northerners benefited from slavery. The Presidential election of Lincoln lead to the succession of the South. They believed that the United

Attachment Theory and Partnership Model Free Essays

Describe how partnerships with carers are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership model work around a theory of collaboration, understanding and and communication. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes can happen for children when care, development and learning provision/a setting , a cooperatively together. A partnership model looks like this: Identifying needs via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment check list and CAF common assessment framework which is shared with appropriate agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Attachment Theory and Partnership Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alongside the aims of home nation’s early year framework –eg England’s eyfs, Wales’ foundation phase, NI foundation stage or Scotland’s prebrith-3 curriculum for excellence, children’s progresses seen to be greater when a partnership is supported: evidence based on EPPE project quote: This finding indicates that what parents do is more important for the academic and social/behavioural development of their than who parents are supports a joint or joined up approach . Check how your setting promotes an open door policy, involves, actively invites and work towards engaging parents/carers in the setting ‘s planning and decision making processes. How do you share observations –daily happenings’ how parents/carers contribute 7 are part of assessments 7 updates by letting setting know about development’ interests, medical and dietary needs – data protection, confidentiality act freedom of information. Considerations to take into account for a partnership model are the potential barriers could be involved: that–  Communication   how to overcome those barriers – language, use access to technology eg. phone, email, literacy skills technology —  Confidence self esteem  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ anyone with less confidence, sense of worth and value may feel uncomfortable/incapable of imparting their ideas, views and opinions. –  Obligations of work  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ time, income all have a bearing on how active a parent/carer can be in a partnership model. —  Learning disabilities and culture  can impact on relationships with care providers as an expectation to work together may be unexpected, unfamiliar, cause suspicion be unwelcome it is also possible an appearance of professionalism creates a barrier, anxiety   withdrawal. —  Understanding  equal opportunity, equality amp; inclusion in participation  whilst this is a practice approach that may be extended to all it may not be taken up by individuals in the same way. In possible contrast maybe, to the view as to how behaviourist theory relates to positive reinforcement –  operant conditioning  that may be exerted over children’s choice/motivation to participate, knowing that the less pressure adults feel exposed and obligated to, the more likely it is that they’ll feel free and welcomed in taking part where and when they are able to. Evaluation methods eg. Feedback,  survey  and sensitive questionnaires can help identify areas a setting does well in, those for further investigation and aspects of provision that individuals enjoy being part of or can see a way to suggest improvement in. Breaking/breaching confidentiality in a partnership model can cause mistrust impact negatively on the effectiveness of future engagement –oral’ paper 7 electronically kept information data protection act If it helps there is guidance that supports further research on pages 164 and 221+ of the  Heinemann level 3 handbook Parental rights  on direct gov and the  children’s act 1989 Howard Gardner’s multi intelligence theory. His  frames of mind  publication recognised the role of the parent as a child’s first educator, providing physical and emotional influence. The  town Reggio Emilia  and the development of a philosophy and educational approach. Parent co-operative  model for provision Commitee run preschool www. bernardvanleer. org Attachment theory –  linked through psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 1856 – 1939 Melanie Klein 1882 – 1960 John Bowlby 1907 – 1990 Mary Ainsworth 1913 – 1999 Donald Winnicott 1896 – 1971 –  transitional object The limit of children’s resillience is in repeated disruption to attachments, when people leave or let them down. Barbara Tizard suggests roles for childrens well-being, physical and emotional development exist in significant others with a genuine commitment and continuity of interest in remaining present in a child’s life – carers, adoption, looked after settings, foster parents, guardians, sibling care and parenting responsibilities carried out by other immediate and extended family members. Key worker/person system Peter Elfer –  google book preview Working together: * England’s eys framework: eyfs theme of positive relationships, principle –  parents as partners * Northern Ireland’s –  NI curriuculm  foundation and areas of learning * Ireland’s Aistear  guidelines for good practice  building partnerships between parents and practitioners. Wales foundation phase – positive partnerships with home,  learning and teaching pedagogy * Scotland’s curriculum for excellence –  parents as partners A health care model for the support of children –  family partnership model  CPCS. org. uk Parents/carers are stakeholders in thier children’s education providers in that they are the ones who retain a continued presence after a setting has been left/provision ended. Multi-agency working, how partnerships promote links with agencies and parent/carers and mosiac approach. How to cite Attachment Theory and Partnership Model, Papers

Saying Goodbye to My Grandfather Essay Example For Students

Saying Goodbye to My Grandfather Essay When you fall you always get up, correct? Well we all have attended that one ceremony that takes the real inner you out and shows it to the world. Well for me that ceremony was my great grandfathers viewing. For me it was very strange mainly because I had never ever had a family member pass away, it was like wow, it actually happened  . And on the drive down for the funeral and all that, I sat in my mothers car wondering how I was going to tackle this situation, only because I was never close to my great grandfather. He and my great grandmother lived about 2 hours north of Miami, where as I live 1 hour north of Orlando. But when it came time for the viewing I didnt cry for I had unfortunately not knew him the way my grandmother or mother did, so I did what a wonderful grandson or son would do, I helped them with the pain and the anger. I sat with them and we hugged and I told them it would be ok. So in the following paragraphs Ill explain how I helped myself with my inner feelings and my inner me and how I overcame this life changing situation. Well with the passing of my great grandfather I did some things that I had never done before, I let everyone in. As I let everybody see how I felt about it we all gathered as one to see how we as a family we were going to cope with the loss. When my mother told my sister and I that our grandfather had died we said What, Youre kidding right? Hes like 96 years old  , that was the first thing on my mind. He was 96 years old with not a single health issue or mental issue and out of nowhere told that he had died. So the first thing I did to try to deal with the situation the best way I could was to ask When are we leaving?   and that pretty much set the course. When we got to Miami (thats where the funeral was going to be held only because they lived in a small town that had no funeral homes or cemeteries) I got out of the car and entered the funeral home, I found the clerk and asked Antonio Hernandezs viewing room please  . So the clerk lady led me to the room full of family members and family friends. When I walked into the room first thing that I did was to make instant eye contact with my grandmother Daisy, we stared at each other for about 20 sec then she just burst into tears and I ran straight for her and we hugged and I told her it would ok in Spanish. So as we finished our long hug she wiped her eyes and I did again the same thing with my great grandmother. After that I went to my grandfather Osvaldo and we sat and talked, then my cousins came as well and we all sat and talked. But in the midst of talking I saw my mother walk up to my great grandfathers coffin and start crying so I left the circle that we had formed and approached my mother told her it would be ok and that he was now in Gods company. He was now in heaven and that he would watch over the family and take care of us. And with that last word I hugged her again and I walked out of the funeral home and sat in the parking lot and just thought what is the best way to help them get through this dilemma. So I thought of many other things but in the end I just kept asking myself the same question over and over again. .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .postImageUrl , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:hover , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:visited , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:active { border:0!important; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:active , .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7e46dfd72afe6b187e42d856e46f54e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless EssayWhen the viewing ceremony was over and everyone was starting to shuffle out of the home, all that was left was my grandparents, my parents, my sister and I. Then my mother said ok guys time to go, we have to check in to the hotel   and my response was um I dont want to leave I want to stay here the night with grandma and grandpa and them   so I sat their discussing the matter with my parents and ended up not being allowed to stay because of emotional reasons. The next morning was the funeral; we all got dressed up and went to down stairs to the lobby of the hotel to get breakfast. When we had finished we drove over to the funeral home and got the coffin into the car that was carrying it to the grave site. But the one uplift of the trip was when we were exiting the funeral home where there was a limo outside just sitting there and the driver ushering us toward it. So we asked is this ride for us?   and the driver said yes, the home had paid for it. So we got in and were then met by a police escort, so as we drove along through the highway all we saw were the police escorts on their motorcycles stopping the traffic so we could go on to the cemetery. When we got there it was really weird because I have a fear of cemeteries but thats beside the point. When we got out of the car my dad went with some other family members to carry my great grandfather (they carried the coffin not him literally) to the site where we were going to bury him. Now when we got to the spot I was so confused because we stopped at a wall and I asked whats going on, why arent we going over to the field were all the people usually get buried? and the response was we decided to bury your grandfather in the mausoleum because thats what the family had decided along time ago  . So I accepted it and stood and watched as they slide my grandfather into this hole in the side of the wall. And while they did that my father said some words. Just before they closed the hole with the slab of marble with the engraving Antonio Hernandez   and his date of birth and death my great grandmother said goodbye to the man she had married only 65 years before and whom she had s pent her whole life with. When the funeral concluded we all hugged and kissed and went back to our cars and drove back up to my grandmother Daisys house and spent the rest of the weekend their relaxing and trying to get used to having one less person in the house. When the weekend had ended we gathered our things packed the car and started on the 4 hour drive back home to good old Eustis. But in the end, this taught me to all ways love and cherishes your family and those you love.

The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service

Chapter One The article written by Lisa Rein discusses the expected job cuts in the U.S. Postal Service; in particular, the author reports that approximately 7,500 jobs are going to be eliminated in the near future (Rein unpaged).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To a great extent, this policy is aimed at reducing the administrative costs of the government; nevertheless, the representatives of the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) argue that these reductions will result in numerous delays in mail delivery (Rein unpaged). Moreover, according to the finding of PRC, the government will not be able to achieve the expected savings (Rein unpaged). On the whole, this initiative can pose a significant threat to the infrastructure of the country (Rein unpaged). This article is closely related to the several the concepts discussed in Chapter One of th e textbook; in this case, special attention should be paid to government corporations and regulatory commissions that perform different functions and interact with one another; for example, the Postal Service can be a government corporation that serves the needs of the population. In turn, regulatory commissions like the PRC are supposed to control and monitor different economic relations within the country. The situation described by Lisa Rein illustrates the conflict between these agencies of the government. Chapter Two Another important event that should be discussed is the intention of the U.S. Supreme Court to review the federal policies regarding same-sex marriage; this issue is closely examined in the article by Adam Liptak. According to the author, the U.S. Supreme Court may review and even reject the legal definition of marriage as a union of a man and a woman; the judges may exclude the notion of gender from this definition (Liptak unpaged). Adam Liptak emphasizes the idea that nowadays the decisions regarding the status of same-sex marriages are taken by the governments of separate states of the country; in contrast, a new definition of marriage can legitimize the wedlock of same-sex couples and the consent of state governments may not be required. These are the main implication of this case, but at this point it is too early to speak the changes in the legislation of the United States, but this legal debate indicates at a dramatic shift in the public opinion.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This event is linked to one of the concepts mentioned in the Chapter Two of the textbook, namely the division of the government into three branches. They have to perform different tasks such as the development of laws, the enforcement of these legal acts and their interpretation. The actions of the Supreme Court indicate that judicial and legislative bran ches of the government can interact with one another in effort to change the laws of the country. Chapter Three The recent presidential campaign and the struggle between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney have attracted much attention of the press; in his article, Sean Sullivan examines the disagreement between these politicians regarding such an issue as the redistribution of wealth (Sullivan unpaged). In particular, Sean Sullivan refers to the words of Barack Obama who said that the government should ensure every citizen of the United States should have equal opportunities (Sullivan unpaged). In part, this goal can be achieved through the redistribution of wealth (Sullivan unpaged). Mitt Romney responded to this argument by saying that such an approach could undermine the core values of the country, for example, the right to property and income (Sullivan unpaged). The events described by the author are closely tied to the ideas explored in our readings, for example, the classic and mode rn dilemmas of the government discussed in the Chapter Three. The redistribution of wealth is related to the modern dilemma, namely the need to promote equality in the society and the need to ensure the individual freedom of citizens. Barack Obama and Mitt Romney represent two different to the solution of this dilemma; Obama places emphasis on equality while, Romney stresses the individual freedom of citizen and their right to property (Sullivan unpaged). Therefore, the concepts discussed in the readings have significant implications for modern-day politics. Chapter Four The article written by Phillip Rucker describes the attempts of the Republican Party to reduce the role of the trade unions in Michigan (Rucker unpaged). In particular, the author focuses on the so-called right-to-work laws according to which employees are not obliged to join the union and pay any fees to these organizations (Rucker unpaged). One can say that this legislation can almost entirely exclude trade unions from the negotiations between workers and private businesses; overall, this change is more likely to benefit the employers who can dictate their terms to employees (Rucker unpaged). The critics of right-to-work laws believe that these legal changes can undermine the rights of workers; more importantly, this policy can deprive the Republican Party of its influence in Michigan for a very long time (Rucker unpaged). This article is closely related to the issues covered in the textbook; in this case, special attention should be paid to the role of interest groups that can attract the attention of policy-makers to certain problems or issues and promote legal specific changes. The situation described in the article illustrates the conflict between several interests groups, namely the employers and trade unions; in this case, they have very different goals and priorities that do not coincide with one another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapter Five In his article, Sean Sullivan discusses the recent disagreement between Democrats and Republicans; in particular, the politicians debate such issues as spending cuts and tax increases (Entitlement debate, unpaged). According to the author, the Republicans oppose to the increased taxes for the wealthiest citizens of the United States; in contrast, Democrats believe that this policy is necessary to fund governmental programs such as Medicare (Entitlement debate, unpaged). In the opinion of the Republican politicians, such strategies are more likely to harm middle-class people, rather than benefit them (Entitlement debate, unpaged). In turn, Democrats believe that this strategy is not likely to reduce the income of many residents. On the whole, this debate is closely tied to the questions discussed in Chapter 5, for example, such concepts as pluralism and majoritarianism. This disagreement illustrates the principles of pluralism that stresses the needs of different groups. It seems that pluralism ensures that the needs of particular groups are not disregarded by policy-makers who should remember that their decisions can have far-reaching implications for a great number of people. In contrast, majoritarianism in the Congress can result in the situation when there is no debate or discussion among legislators. This is one the main dangers that politician should avoid when discussing legal or social problems. Works Cited Liptak, A. â€Å"Justices to Hear Two Challenges on Gay Marriage.† The New York  Times, 2012. Web. Rein, L. â€Å"U. S. Postal Service announces sweeping job cuts, district office closures.† The Washington Post, 2011. Web. Rucker, P. â€Å"In Michigan, heart of organized labor, Republicans push to limit union power.† The Washington Post, 2012. Web. Sullivan, S. ‘Romney draws attention to Obama ‘redistributio n’ remark from 1998.’ The Washington Post,  2012. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More —-. ‘Entitlement debate sparks disagreement along party lines.’ The  Washington Post.  Web. This essay on The Job Cuts in the U.S. Postal Service was written and submitted by user Travis Bennett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Censorship vs First Amdendment essays

Censorship vs First Amdendment essays Censorship versus the First Amendment Throughout the history of the United States of America, the Constitution has always been put to the test. The first amendment guarantees freedom of speech and the press. The founders of the United States of America originally created the first amendment to allow colonists to speak out against the British. The press in the 17th century was accurate and informative with little competition among journalists. But today in the 20th century the circumstances are different and the stakes are higher. Due to an incredibly high amount of competition among journalists today, the information show to the viewers is usually exaggerated in order to capture a viewing audience. The media is everywhere you turn. You can find the media in various forms such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and now on the information superhighway. In the process of capturing ratings, who is the media harming more? Is it people who are accused of a crime, such as O.J. Simpson, or is it the American publics stupidity for believing everything they hear? Limitations greatly need to placed upon the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution in regard to freedom of the press because presently the media is doing more harm than good. The job of the media is to find the truth and tell it to the people. The media has the power to inform the public, but often the information they receive is distorted. The media has shaped our view of society and the process by which we choose our leaders, make our rules, and construct our values. The media has the power, although indirectly, to encourage people to like or hate the government. The media promotes what it believes is easiest for the public to accept, but in the process it fails to cover the issues adequately. The media can make us wiser, fuller, sure and sweeter than we are. (Orr 61) But, the media can also cloud the publics judgments, and cause confusion and disillu...

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Environmental Law - Essay Example Concerning the marine environment, in recent years, several projects and political actions at national and international level have been advanced in order to reduce the effects of water pollution. Preserving and improving the marine environment requires the achievement of a good ecological status of waters, without which the aquatic ecosystem and the human activities of marine coastal zones could be strongly at risk. This is the proposal of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) which represents a major advance in European policy with the concepts of classes of water quality and water management. Irrespective of this it is found that European water is still polluted. This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of EC law on water quality and pollution. The UK’s membership of the EC has had important consequences for the UK with regard to improvements in water quality and the regulation of water pollution. The European Commission has been very active in drawing up a series of water-related directives which, when passed by the European Parliament, must then be transposed into national law. ... actual or intended use of the relevant waters (quality objective of receiving waters) The EC has had, and continues to have, a major impact on water quality and waterpollution control in the UK. Over the last three decades, EC has passed a range ofdirectives designed to prevent discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment and also to establish quality standards for waters which are used for drinking, bathingand fishing. Often, the EC adopts a 'framework directive' to set up a specific controlregime and then, over time, supplements this with 'daughter directives' which setlimits for the presence of chemical substances in different types of waters (that is,drinking, bathing and fishing). Member States are given a set period of time totranspose the relevant EC directive into national law and achieve actual compliancewith the specific provisions of the directive. EC legislation on water pollution The legislation on water pollution is probably the most highly developed branch ofEC environmental law and most certainly has the longest history. Approximately 30directives concern water. The directives adopt two main approaches to pollutioncontrol: (1) the imposition of limits or restrictions upon the emission or discharge ofparticular pollutants into the water media; and (2) the establishment of quality standards for particular designated types of water.The outcome of this dual approach has been a somewhat peacemeal body of law. The directives on water pollution share several common features: The use of dual lists described as 'I' and 'G'3 which require member states to setwater standards which do not fall below 'I' limit and which should aim to achieve'G' standards.A

Legalization of marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legalization of marijuana - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will seek ideas to develop an argument for and against legalization of marijuana, through elaboration of the ideas from different sources. Prohibition of marijuana is considered a misguided and ineffective policy, which has not contributed to reduction of marijuana consumption, since the government use funds to implement the policy, instead of collecting tax revenue from sales of legal marijuana. The government spends over ten billion dollars every year on enforcement of drug laws, thus resulting to cost of drug prohibition being wasted on the law enforcement resources. Therefore, government should impose a tax on sales of marijuana, hence eliminate the violence related to the organized drug trafficking (Edelson, 2012). Legalization of marijuana is also associated with a positive impact of lowering the crimes, since the regulation of drugs distribution can result to a reduction of the drug disputes, hence decreasing drug related crimes, besides, the use of marijuana can no longer be considered a crime resulting to a decreased number of criminals. Moreover, the prices of marijuana would decrease, thus cause a subsequent reduction in the crimes such as theft cases. On the other hand, prohibition of marijuana results to thousands arrests annually involving non-violent offences. The legalization would also make the police officers focus on serious crimes such as robberies, sexual assaults, violence, child abuse, burglaries and drunk driving. A relationship has been established between abuses of food intakes and the top ten leading causes of deaths in the world, but marijuana has never been mentioned; thus, there are no death tolls related to use or abuse of cannabis. In fact, the use of marijuana has not shown evidence related to causing health problems like cancer or heart disease; hence, it is considered harmless. Nevertheless, there

Paisley Patterns Recommendation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Paisley Patterns Recommendation Report - Essay Example hnology to traditional business and administrative activities has introduced substantial return and facilities that have given the business a new life. E-commerce gives buyers and sellers a modern and up-to-date environment or methods of communication and offers an opportunity to generate new marketplaces. In common it is recommended that the development of E-commerce outcomes in higher firm efficiency and competence as a consequence of lower search and transaction expenses† (Kotler, 1997). â€Å"The internet is swiftly becoming the technology of preference for electronic commerce for the reason that, it presents or allows businesses an even trouble-free method to connect with other businesses and individuals at a very small expenditure† (Martin Verwijmeren, 1996). At the present time, Web sites are accessible to consumers 24 hours a day. Modern and up-to-date marketing and sales methods can be fashioned. Managing transactions electronically can diminish the costs of tra nsaction as well as release time for some goods, particularly those that are entirely digital (for instance software, text products, images, and videos etc.) (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p.306) Paisley Patterns business is presently operating with the wholesale cotton fabrics, primarily through a travelling sales force. By viewing the potential business enhancements and for getting the maximum market share Paisley Patterns business has decided to implement a web based system for the handling of online business and extending the scope of business. This analytical and research based report is about the detailed analysis of the Paisley Patterns business web based system implementation. This report will provide a deep insight into the overall new technology system implementation and potential enhancements in business working. In this report, I will analyze the main working areas and division those will require some type of transformations. This analysis based report will also present a deep a nd

Developing Reading Habits in Students

Developing Reading Habits in Students Nowadays, most students are less keen on developing their reading habits. Still, to be able to stand on the same ground as other leading countries, this habit should be instilled on the students. Many parties especially the government and teachers are concerned with the students declining reading habits. However, parents are unaware of this problem or choose to turn a blind eye towards it. Parents choose to leave this problem for teachers to handle. The government, teachers, parents and students have their own views on this matter and in this essay I will state and discuss their views so that I can decide for myself who is responsible on how Malaysia could enrich students reading habit. After approximately 11 years in formal education, majority of Malaysian students are able to read efficiently after finishing their secondary education. However, even equipped with literacy skills particularly reading skills, the reading habits of students are still at an unsatisfactory level. The Sunday Star newspaper (8th August, 1999:p2) reports that the poor reading habits among Malaysians was common knowledge but, in true Malaysian fashion, it took an official survey to jolt the education sector that something had to be done fast. There has been a debate on who is responsible for these students who are lacking in reading. Many parties are blaming parents on this matter as they lack the time to teach their children the basics of reading. They are prioritizing more on their career and making money rather than their childrens education. The government is very much concern on this matter. Based on the statistics issued by the National Statistics Department during the year 2002, Malaysian students only read two books a year. Studies in the past have shown that the exam-oriented educational system in Malaysia promotes routine learning and that there needs to be a standard shift in how we view education and about the way we teach (Chitravellu, 1997). The Education Minster, Datuk Najib Tun Razak, has frequently commented in the local media that most students read only to pass exams and do not read for pleasure. He has been instrumental in implementing many projects aimed at improving students reading ability in the country. Reading skills are important throughout our lifespan, particularly as we respond to new demands and changes in jobs and reading for pleasure or recreational has been found to improve reading comprehension, writing style, vocabulary, spelling and grammatical development (Krashen, 1993). The positive an d rewarding effects of recreational reading have been demonstrated in numerous studies (Burgess, 1994; Krashen, 1984, 1993). In other words, it is important that Malaysia must aim to re-evaluate the present education system, not to reverse it or simply oscillate forward and backward within the same unchanging parameters, without ever conducting a critical evaluation of where, how, and why things went wrong. The government must therefore set up an educational re-evaluation or reform program or a national enquiry committee to look seriously into the Malaysian education and develop a set of realistic, practical, and forward-looking ideas for improving the national education system in accordance with the requirements and ideals of Vision 2020. However, the more immediate task is to prepare the future human resource of the nation with the ability and intellectual skills to adapt to the expansion of the Malaysian economy and its globalization. Parents are the most influential people in the life of a child; students normally model the behaviours and attitudes of their parents after constantly observing them since they were in diapers. Logically, if the parents have positive attitudes the child will mimic and model after them. It goes the same if the parents have negative attitudes and behaviours. If the parents themselves do not make reading as a daily activity, they should not expect their child to cultivate reading as a daily activity. In this context, parents should be good role models to the students by including reading as one of their daily activities (Clark, 2007). Other than that, parents should allocate a small percentage of their monthly earnings to purchase books and suitable reading materials for their children. They should also designate a small section in the house specifically for reading. This allows their children to always have a place to read. If the child is still an infant or a toddler, allocate some pe rsonal time with and read a story book together. By the time child is starting his or her formal education, he or she will associate reading with not only for exams but also for pleasure. Parents also can bring their child to the local library and allow them to read books which discuss the topics of their interest. If the child is fond of cars then allow him to read a book regarding the anatomy of a car. By doing so, the child is reading for pleasure and personal interest. This can translate into good academic performance and personal development in the future. Other than parents, the school which is the primary educational institution of the society also has a crucial role to play in improving students reading habits. The school library is one of the usual facilities found in a public school. However, it is not fully utilised by the students. Students will seldom go and read at the school library unless it is for some special reading programme which is conducted once or twice a week by the school. This may be due to the schools library lacking certain attractive factors. The school should allocate some money to ameliorate the facilities of the schools library. Computers should be provided to enable the students to utilise the internet for research and also to locate online reading materials. Air-conditioners should be installed and quality chairs as well as tables should be provided in order to create a conducive reading ambience. The books available should be of variety of genre and topics to capture the many interests of the students. Th e school engender book publishing companies such as McGraw-Hill and Dawama in order to purchase suitable reading materials for the library. The elected student librarians and the teacher-in-charge should make an effort to promote the books available in the library to the student body. Most of the time students have no interest to go to the school library due to the absence of awareness regarding the books available there which may attract their interest (Clark, 2010). Lastly, the only people that can improve the students reading habit are the students themselves. It is futile to assist the students in improving their reading habits if they themselves have no intention of doing so. The student should be aware that reading is one of the primary key to success in the modern world. In our information-saturated globe, knowledge is constantly being updated and upgraded wherein previous information would deem obsolete or impractical. Moreover, with the advent and evolution of the internet, information can be transmitted throughout the whole world in the blink of an eye. Therefore, it is imperative for students to make reading as a pleasurable and continuing habit if he or she wants to stay abreast with the world and have the competitive edge. Students should realise that they will have to read continuously even after finishing their formal education. The knowledge that the students studied when they were sitting for their exams may have undergone signifi cant changes in the next five or ten years. In order to keep abreast with current development, students must read relevant publications. If the students do not hone this habit, they will not have the initiative to constantly read not only to improve their career standing but also for personal development in order to become a better and useful citizen. There are many reasons for the deplorable reading habits of Malaysian students either due to parental, school-related or personal habits. Even so, they are innumerable numbers of ways to improve the current reading habits of students. This requires the amalgamation of the efforts of many authoritative bodies such as the school and the government. Readings is one of the most essential language abilities. I am not implying that the other language skills are of lower standard but much of the knowledge within the society is disseminated through writing. For me, personally, even after just finishing school I still allocate some time to read books concerning my area of interest such as linguistics and novels. I read such books not for passing an exam later on but for reading itself. In conclusion, even though students are still passing exams, their reading habit is not continuous. Reading for pleasure is a far cry for Malaysian students as they are more exams oriented. Both the government and teachers have valid arguments to argue. Parents are the first teachers to children. However, parents fail to nurture their children in this habit while they are young. Thus, resulting in the situation we are nowadays. In my opinion, based on the current reading habit of the Malaysian students, Malaysia has a long way to go before it can compete with a reading and successful society such as Japan.

All My Sons Essay -- All My Sons by Arthur Miller

Life is full of many hard decisions that people have to take, often on the spur of the moment. Some we get right others turn horribly wrong. Joe Keller, the tragic hero of Arthur Miller's play All My Sons, was no different. His whole life was dedicated to his family and their well being but all his plans were undone by one fatally flawed decision. The audience can relate to Joe and feel sympathy for him because he was a good man who did many great things for his family and in the end paid the ultimate price. Towards the end of the play, Joe's son Chris anguishes over the fatally flawed decision made by his father, thus eliciting the sympathy of the audience. However, this is not enough to detract from the audience relating to Joe as a basically good man, who has made the hard decisions for many years and ends up a tragic hero paying for his mistake with his life. Joe is a good man who has spent his whole life trying to live the American Dream. He has built a home and started up a business to take care of his family. He is a hardworking and considerate father to his sons, Chris and Larry and a caring and loving husband to his wife Kate. The audience knows this because early in the play, of Act 1, he says to Chris, "Because what the hell did I work for? That's only for you Chris, the whole shootin' match for you!"(Act 1, p15-16). The audience believes this because throughout the play they see no evidence of Joe indulging in any of the human weaknesses, which would squander his money. He is an easy-going man who is a good friend to everyone. The play is set in his backyard, which seems to be a perpetual open house to the neighbourhood. He is well-liked by people in his small town, as Ann says, "People like to do things for the... ...-one other young pilots. However, there are many in the audience who like Joe would think that Chris has had things too easy and is making much ado about nothing. It is Joe Keller for whom the audience feels the greater sympathy and respect because he was a great man, who made a fatally flawed decision, which continued to haunt him through life. He finally understood the meaning of life within family and the society in which we all live in and that is that you cannot make flawed decisions which impact others and get away with it. When Joe realises this, he is brave enough to pay the price for his mistake, and that is what makes Joe a hero in the audience's eyes. As the US folklorist & expert on mythology, Joseph Campbell, said, "A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself ." There was nothing bigger for Joe than his family.

Advancement in Construction Technology Essay

1.1General Background Back in the day before there were computers the whole construction process was done by pen and paper from the bidding process to the actual drawings themselves. Since the innovation of the computer and interactive software these processes have gotten much more efficient. There have been many programs that ease the construction process. Such programs include, drawing software (AutoCad), spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel), programs to assist with estimating (Plan Swift), planning and scheduling software (Microsoft Project), the internet as well as e-mail. There have always been minor updates on these programs but have mostly remained with the same basic purpose. Within the last 5 years a new state of the art program developed by AutoDesk using 3D Modeling has been integrated into many large jobs in Canada while in the USA it has been used regularly for about 10 years. This program is called Building Information Modeling and for short, BIM. There are many companies that do not know about BIM or have heard of it but have never used it or seen it being used. 1.2Specific Background The purpose of this report is to inform people within the construction industry about the available software and the importance of 3D modeling throughout the entire construction process. Hopefully this report will convince many people to incorporate BIM into their projects more often. Also, students should be learning about BIM in college programs and should also be an elective within high schools along with AutoCad. 1.3Thesis Statement Can 3D Modeling technology improve production control in the construction process? 1.4Explanation of Methodology Throughout this technical report, research on the rise of 3D Modeling will be analyzed and broken down to the reader through secondary research obtained from various online newspaper and magazine articles and academic articles recarding the subject. This research will be used to identify the need for 3D Modeling within the construction industry. It will then prove that the process behind 3D modeling will improve production from initial budgeting to maintaining the finished product. The primary research that will be used within this report will be presented through an online survey and face-to-face interviews with a number of industry professionals. The opinions and experiences of these professionals will be used within this report to support the presented question or establish background information regarding the subject. Each of the interviewees will be presented with the same set of questions in order to properly compare and compile the data received by them. 2.0Secondary Research Review 2.1Building Information Modeling: Safety Benefits & Opportunities, Professional Safety In this article Rajendran and Clarke argue the benefits of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Health and Safety. They also mention several ways it helps with the overall construction process. The article starts of by defining BIM and its processes and Stating that it is becoming more popular within the architect, construction and engineering industries. They write that BIM allows builders to foresee any complications that may occur even before the construction process begins. They list major benefits BIM has regarding the construction process. There are many figures portraying how BIM can be used to assist with site layout and identify potential risks. Concluding this article they state that BIM had many benefits that can improve construction safety (Rajendran & Clarke, 2011). I will use parts of this article to argue the importance of BIM in the construction process. The major issue I am focussing on is how it will improve the construction process and prevent further complications. This article has some good points on benefits of using BIM regarding my topic. 2.2Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Construction In this article Rowlinson, Collins, Tuuli and Jia, analyse the impirical impacts of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into construction. They review two cases where BIM was used successfully. In the first case the process started traditionally and after many issues causing delays, BIM was implemented and with the help of a BIM team they created the model and resolved the issues quickly. In the second case the BIM was implemented from the beginning and the process was much smoother and saved time. They find that BIM allows companies to deal with RFI’s (Requests for Information) much easier. Also, states that BIM allows builders to see conflicts between each parties system and resolve them before they clash on site and delays the project. On concluding this article, the authors find that success alone is not a sufficient driver for managers to justify implementing BIM (Rowlinson, Collins, Tuuli & Yunyan, 2010). I will use this article to strengthen my argument that the use of BIM will help with production control within the construction process. This article clearly outlines the issue I am trying to prove; BIM can make the construction process run smoother. This is a very important article to my research and has a lot of useable content. 2.3Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership & Management In Engineering Azhar starts off this article by suggesting that building information modeling (BIM) has potential to reduce project costs and delivery as well as increase productivity. He states the building information model after construction is completed can be used for operation and maintenance. He then lists a number of applications of BIM such as, fabrication/shop drawings, estimating, sequencing and conflict detection. The results of two secondary source surveys says, 82% of BIM users believed that it had a positive impact on the company’s productivity, 79% of users indicate improved project outcomes and less RFIs. He then proceeds to report on 4 case studies illustrating cost and time savings. There are many data tables with different information, in one of them there is an analysis of different projects return on investment using BIM. He also states several potential risks and future complications related to BIM. On concluding this article Azhar suggests that the increasing use of BIM will likely enhance collaboration and reduce fragmentation in the industry (Azhar, 2010). I will use this article to help prove that BIM will help with the overall construction process including the start up. I will also use this back up the use of BIM to save money and make a considerable return. 2.4Construction industry goes high-tech In this magazine article the author Michael Douchette begins by introducing Autodesk which is the company that created AutoCAD and BIM. Both are industry revolutionary programs. He states that AutoCAD was a big step in the drafting works and BIM is quickly finding its way into being the industry standard. A primary source says that all stakeholders are able to interact on a 3D model (referring to BIM). Autodesk is working with institutions to make sure students are trained in the new (BIM) technology. He explains BIM allows designers, architects and engineers to identify deficiencies early in the process. Douchette then explains what Building Information Modelling (BIM) is. He says it’s not for only buildings or infrastructure. It is usable through the whole process of the project from Design through construction. Referring to a Smart Market Report he states that more than 70% of non-users think that competitors are using BIM. Everyone within the process will be using BIM. Trades workers will use a specific layer of the software and be able to make changes in real time. He concludes by stating, the future of construction is BIM (Doucette, 2012). I will use this to help improve my argument that it BIM is an aid to the construction process. This article has a lot of point referring to training new students to use BIM and in turn that proves that it is going to be a major part in the construction process in the near future.

A Perfect Research Paper Introduction

A Perfect Research Paper Introduction A Perfect Research Paper Introduction Introduction is always an important part of a written assignment, as it presents thoughts to the reader and allows making up his mind whether to go on further. Moreover, it is very important if you are completing a research paper, as it may contain complex information and the topic may seem difficult to understand. In such cases, your introduction will serve as an outline and contain information about the research itself. Unfortunately, many students find it difficult to limit the whole paper to a couple paragraphs and don’t know where to start. Following our simple tips and advice will definitely help you to complete an introduction without any efforts. Give information on the topic It is not a secret that every introduction should start with an engaging and interesting overview of the topic, as the readers should know what to expect. That is why the best way to start your introduction is to state the topic. You should also need to add various matters on the subject and state your personal opinion. It will definitely be intriguing and make the audience to go on reading. The advice here is very simple: begin with a general information on the topic and then narrow it to several aspects, which you want to highlight. This section doesn’t require a deep analysis of the subject but you still shouldn’t sound shallow. If your topic is complicated and contains terms that are difficult to comprehend, try to explain it in simple words not to bore the audience. Provide a literature overview Any research paper should be based on credible and relevant sources, so you need to make a thorough research and analyze only trustful literature. Every introduction should contain a brief overview of the literature, used during your studies. In addition, you can include quotes of various authors or philosophers to back your ideas and support your point of view. Provide the background When you start your research paper, you need to provide the rationale, which can be a perfect way to show your attitude to the subject and give readers a chance to ponder on the subject. Such background allows to reveal information on the topic and prove that your research is important for the society or the field of science. Provide a catchy thesis Your thesis statement links introduction conclusions and body paragraphs, so you need to be very attentive and thoughtful, when completing this section. Remember that your thesis should contain general information on the whole work and engage your views on the subject to help the audience to understand your ideas. It can be called the business card of your whole work, so don’t forget to include general information on the subject and reflect all the important issues. In addition, remember to stay clear and engaging to catch interest of the readers. Don’t forget about the outline When you have almost completed your introduction, it is time to provide the structure of the whole work. Not every professor requires to include an outline to your introduction but you still need to be ready for such a demand. In this case, you need to write a short paragraph, which contains three or four sentences about the main goal and content of the whole research paper. If you lack ideas, you can find introduction examples online to get fresh ideas. Require assistance? If you follow all the instructions, writing a proper introduction for your research paper may not seem challenging at all. However, even the best students may face various complications and it is very difficult to choose a proper topic and deliver everything on time. That is why they often wonder how to make introduction perfect and avoid sleepless nights and lots of stress. There is a great way out, which won’t require much of your time and efforts: contacting a professional writing company. With the assistance of professional writers, you won’t have to spend long hours, looking for a proper introduction online or trying to complete it on your own. So if you ask us ‘can you complete my research paper?’ we will definitely say ‘yes’! Our skilled writers will provide your with a written from scratch content and you will always be sure that it will contain all of your requirements. Moreover, you will always meet the deadlines, avoiding stress and anxiety. If you still have doubts, just make a request and see yourself how simple and fun your student years can be!

The Importance of respect in the military

The Importance of respect in the military Introduction The feeling of remorse that is bestowed upon a soldier during the playing of the Taps is derived from nothing other than respect for each other. Although in the army most occasions end with sad events, most feel a sense of respect for the fallen soldier who pays the ultimate sacrifice for the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of respect in the military specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the military customs and traditions are not held to this regard. However, we need to uphold our traditions and customs so that we do not lose the sense of pride and duty. This paper seeks to discuss the importance of respect in the military. Importance of respect Being a soldier in the army means understanding the Seven Core Army Values and living up to them. Some of these include respect, loyalty and honor. Having respect means treating someone as he or she should be treated. The people in the army are expected to treat each other with respect. They do this since they also expect others to do the same. Another ingredient for respect is self-respect. You cannot respect another if you do not respect yourself. This allows someone to put forth his or her best effort since the Army is a team and each member contributes to the greater goal. Respecting your fellow soldier means protecting him in all situations, covering his backside when required and clearing the path in order for him to complete the mission. This is because when that person completes the task, it equally means that you have completed yours. Therefore, respect in the army ensures that the jobs of both the seniors and the subordinates are done. Lack of respect in the Army may hinder development of effective leaders. This is usually accompanied with the lack of proper communication. Disrespect is observed when the seniors in the Army (such as the NCOs) fail to do what they were tasked to do and force other (subor dinate) officers to micromanage tasks. This is where seniors loose the trust of the subordinates. The best way to maintain relationships and respect in the Army is to focus on your task and maintain communication in all situations. This way there would be mutual respect and friendships that last for a lifetime would be fostered.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another reason why respect in the military is important is that it would ensure that the juniors (subordinates) are informed about the missions and its activities. This would empower them with responsibilities and show them that they are equally important to the team. Respect is also important because it instills confidence that the mission would be successful. This is especially the case when there is the respect of the soldiers of all ranks. The soldiers need to respect their peers, subordinates and seniors. Th is would require one to listen and pay soldiers the proper courtesy. This should be the case even when one does not like the other for any particular reason or the mission as a whole. This would ensure that the tasks are done and missions completed successfully. Conclusion The seven Code Army Values govern the soldiers in the Army. Respect is one of the values and it is important since it ensures harmony within the Army. Respecting the peers, subordinates and seniors is important to ensure that the work is done and that missions are completed successfully. Without respect in the army, there would not be any success.

How internal and external forces affect organizational behavior Essay

How internal and external forces affect organizational behavior - Essay Example mies and free sourcing of materials and labors, competition became tougher because other similar companies with the same objective of making profit are finding ways to offer its good and services at a lower price and better quality. This puts pressure on any company to perform, to become efficient, to be able to produce and provide the better goods and services at the least cost possible. Unlike before, the pressure is greater today because with the globalization of business, competition is not only confined within the domestic players but also other companies abroad. It is an imperative that every business should remain competitive otherwise competition will eat its share in the market and push the business out to oblivion. This external pressure necessitated the change from within, to institute changes that would make it lean and efficient. Globalization of business however is not only about the intense pressure which resulted from the increased competition. It also afforded opportunities to explore other markets which were unavailable before. Globalization brought down the restrictions on trade and companies with better products and services at lower prices can enter into markets and expand its market base. This has unintentionally affected organizational diversity as it immerses into new borders with different culture and perspective and in a way widen its horizon. The restrictive organizational now opens not just because of its exposure to foreign market but due to market imperative to adapt to the perspective of new markets in order to be more

Essay Response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response - Essay Example rely affect the people who earn less money, the US government will save a lot of money by taking this step, instead of giving the money to poor families the government will keep that money intact using it for other purposes. There has been a lot of hue and cry about the same and it is unfair to withdraw support, the poor people must not be left all on their own the government must help them in every possible way. â€Å"It is also believed that more than one million higher income earners will also be worse off as a result of the Governments changes to the private health insurance rebate, announced in last nights Budget. Under changes to family tax benefit A, from July low-income families earning less than $42,000 a year will lose 35c per week - $18 a year - for each child aged under 12, and $26 a year for each child aged 13 to 15.† (Changes to Family Tax) The Budget delivered to the congress is expected to be somewhere around $ 3.6 Trillion. It is also expected that by 2013 the deficit of the US is expected to fall to as low as $ 533 Billion, the current deficit is much higher than what it is going to be in 2013. A very good step has been taken by the government; the government has set aside a whopping amount of $250 Billion to rescue the current recession crisis. This money will mainly be used to bailout several big banks in order to keep the economy functioning the way it used to prior to recession. This money is expected to bring things right back on track. The congress has already set aside an amount of $ 700 Billion for the same and the increase in amount only goes to show the desperation to put an end to the current crisis. Education funding has also been a sector that has hogged the limelight in this Federal Budget; the President has promised to fund the education sector much better than ever. He has promised to strengthen the education sector and this will only help the country rise to unprecedented heights. The president is a very ambitious man and he

Importance of Strategic thinking and formulation in the organisational Essay

Importance of Strategic thinking and formulation in the organisational change - Essay Example There are many stages involved in the process of the strategic management. These steps are divided in to three broad categories: 1) Strategy formulation 2) Strategy implementation 3) Strategy evaluation The first step namely the strategy formulation involves the development of the business mission, evaluation of the opportunities and threats faced by the business organisation in the business, by using tools such as SWOT analysis, examining the strengths and weaknesses of the business, determining the long term objectives of the business and designing the new strategies to eke in the process of achieving the new targets. It also include the processes to determine the investment direction, the business markets to be addressed, extension of the operations of the business, limitations faced by the business in order to undertake the business activities.... d the marketing efforts, planning the financial issues, alignment of the information system with the information needs of the employees and last but not least provisions of appraisals and rewards to the employees. The strategy implementation stage requires several actions to be taken by the management in order to get the most of it. The successful implementation of a strategy is directly related to the ability of a manger to motivate employees in the strategic direction and to develop an organisational culture to adopt the change and take it into the daily business practise. It also demands some crucial steps by the managers on personal level. The manger should depict different qualities such as discipline, high level of commitment and motivation, leadership and enthusiasm of making things possible. Successful implementation of strategy is very important. This is the most crucial step in the whole process since it involves many factors besides the ability of manger. This includes the adoption of change by the employees, their commitment levels, and the enthusiasm towards their jobs. Most often the business organisations fail to achieve their desired targets since they fail to implement their s trategies in a successful manner or fail to get support from their employees. The final stage is the strategy evaluation. After the implementation it is important for the managers to test the effectiveness of the strategy. The strategy of a company requires constant updating. With the changing conditions of market and industry it is important for an organisation to keep its strategy in tact with the changing environment. An out dated strategy cannot fulfil the needs of today's global environment. In order to go through the updating process the organisations should carry on

Accounting Study Essay Example for Free

Accounting Study Essay CA1-18 a) The ethical issue is the corporate reporting department is not recording the late entries and reporting incorrect numbers on purpose. b) Troy Normand is acting immorally because as a manager he is not making sure that the numbers are being recorded correctly. c) I would have done what a manager supposed to do and make sure the numbers and late entries are being recorded correctly. d) The major stakeholders are the employees. C-A2-4 A 1) Relevance- accounting information must be capable of making a difference in a decision. Predictive value, confirmatory value, and materiality help make up relevance. 2) Faithful representation- that the numbers and descriptions match what really existed or already happened. Completeness, neutrality, free from error help make up faithful representation. 3) Understandability- decision makers vary widely in the types of decisions they make, how they make decisions, the information they already possess or can obtain from other sources, and their ability to process the information. The quality of information that lets reasonably informed users see its significance. 4) Comparability- Information that is measured and reported in a similar manner for different companies is considered comparable. Enables users to identify the real similarities and differences in economic events between companies. 5) Consistency- is presented when a company applies the same accounting treatment to similar events, from period to period. Through such application, the company shows consistent use o f accounting standards. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay B 1) If I want to buy shares in Pepsi Co I will sacrifice faithful representation for a gain from relevance. I can check the predictive value,  confirmatory value, and materiality of the company for the future value. 2) If I am choosing between two companies General Motors and Toyota I sacrifice relevance and chose consistency to see which company shows consistent use of accounting standards from period to period, to help me make my decision. 3) I am looking to invest in either Toyota or General Motors I sacrifice consistency and gain from using comparability. I can see the differences in the similar companies in a similar manner. 4) If I own shares in General Electric and I see that General Electric issues a three month report that shows interim earnings have declined significantly. I will sacrifice relevance and gain from understandability because of the information and sell my shares. C c) The Decision Usefulness criterion should be used to evaluate trade-offs between information characteristics. CA2-5 a) Realized or realizable, earned. A company realizes revenue when it exchanges products, merchandise, or other assets for cash or claims to cash. Revenue is realizable when the assets received or held are readily convertible into cash or claims to cash. A company delays recognition of revenues until earned. Revenues are considered earned when the company substantially accomplishes what it must do to entitle to the benefits represented by the revenues. B 1) Revenue is realized because it exchanges products for a claim to cash. 2) Revenue is realizable because of the claims to cash and the publication of the magazine every month. 3) Revenue is earned because the company accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits.

Popular Culture In Singapore

Popular Culture In Singapore Number the question: Question 3. With reference to at least two types of popular culture, discuss and evaluate the role and impact of popular culture in Singapore between the end of the Second World War and Singapores independence in 1965? Popular culture is defined as a cultural artifact or events by which large numbers of people are voluntarily attracted to through the dissemination of mass media. The study of popular culture helps us to understand the society that embraced it as it developed over time. Popular culture also tackles the everyday life and lived experiences that are often neglected. It is argued that popular culture plays a role in shaping the values and identity of a society when the general masses consumes and embraces it. In this paper, the author will look into the role and impact of popular culture in the form of Shaw Cinema films and the mass visiting of amusement parks between post war and independence of Singapore. Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 and the British returned on the island on 5 September 1945. Britains failure in defending Singapore had undermined her credibility as a governor of the island. In addition, post-war Singapore was plagued with poverty, unemployment and economical uncertainty. These gave rise to political awakening and nationalist identity amongst the Singaporeans.  [1]  This period of uncertainty and anxiety shaped the identity and popular culture of post-war Singapore. Shortly after the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, the Shaw cinemas started afresh and business began to boom. On the return of the British to Singapore and Malaya, we started afresh and business became prosperous because the public hungered for the opportunity to see British and American films. Theatres were crowded especially during the first few months with the main draw being war movies. With such overwhelming response, we had to plan for expansion.  [2]   Cinemas owned by the Shaw stretches from Sembawang to Balestier and prior to the Lido, Shaw had the Pavilion on Orchard Road. By 1965, the number of cinema halls owned by Shaw in Singapore totaled 19. The independent halls in Singapore which were contracted to play only Shaw distributed films numbered 30. With cinemas scattered throughout the island, the Shaws had the widest exhibition circuit in Singapore. Cinemas during the post war period were avenues where new modern technology and culture converge. In addition, cinema films also had a role in shaping political awareness and nationalist sensations just after the war amongst the community in Singapore and Malaya. These could be seen from the popular demand for war themed British and American films. On one hand, the reasons were partly due to Singaporeans losing confidence in them as an infallible ruler and on the other hand, the British government was also gradually preparing to grant self-governance to Singapore and Malaya. Secondly, the post war films by the Shaw Brothers played an important role in shaping the identity of the Chinese in Singapore. The film, The Song of Singapore, highlighted Nanyang Style and Nanyang atmosphere, the identity of being a Chinese national was still predominant in the movie. The term huaqiao denotes an overseas Chinese residing in a foreign country and will ultimately return to their homeland China.  [3]   By the mid 1950s, the Chinese films from Shaw studio in Hong Kong and Shaw Malay films began to gain popularity over the American Hollywood. The first Malay film of the Shaw Brothers, Singapore at Night (Singapura di Waktu Malam) was made after the war. The emphasis of post- war movies were local style, local flavor, and local character. At that time, the major selling points of the movies were that it conveyed a totally Nanyang style and a fully Nanyang atmosphere.  [4]   During the post-war period, films in cinemas not only had the role of evoking nationalism, the impact of the cinemas were so huge that they became the representations of mass entertainment consumption and voluntarily participation. Patronizing the cinemas had also become a new form of sensation and indulgence where patrons were eager to experience. As mentioned above, cinemas during the post-war periods were avenues where audiences could catch a glimpse of technological innovations. With increasing popularity and competition from other post-war exhibitors and other forms of mass entertainment, the Shaw cinemas imported the latest in cinematograph and theatre equipments, sound systems, furnishings, air-conditioning and chairs. Over the years, other than the improvements in colour and sound there were also other innovative methods for enhancing the cinema experience constantly being launched from Hollywood.  [5]  Although many of these special format films were shortlived, but they renewed excitement in cinema during the various periods they were launched. Cinemas were also avenues of cultural convergence where patronizing audiences could experience a new form of modern culture. One example was the dual purpose halls in which the Shaw cinemas not only screened movies; there were also held live shows and events. Some of these were meant for promoting films and others were purely for entertainment. Imported live shows and performance from Malaya and the region made its way into Shaw cinemas as early as 1951. Visiting magicians and illusionists never failed to draw crowds with their exciting performances which not only provide entertainment; it also drew a form of mysterious sensation amongst the audiences. Dances by visiting dance troupes from all over the world were also popular demands amongst patrons then.  [6]   By the 1950s, the advertising campaigns during the post war period became more sophisticated and creative. The impact of the film industry on the locals was so great that promotional and advertising materials sent from major studios abroad had to take on a local context. Furthermore, the Shaw Cinemas went on to involve public participation in order to achieve success in film promotion events. You must advertise, put up the posters, put it in the newpapers you must think what are the kind of people, what kind of advertisements to attract the people  [7]   Daily newspaper ads, cinema standees poster displays and movie trailers provided the mainstays of Shaw promotions. Posters were not only hung outside of the cinemas but also on poster boards along road junctions and overhead bridges. They were also hanged in other major locations such as shopping centres, supermarkets, fairgrounds, schools, coffeeshops and even the Singapore Turf Club. To further engage larger crowds, billboard trucks travelled all over the island to broadcast coming attractions and distribute handbills. Promotions for blockbusters were even more elaborated as it involved all forms of public transportations and even armoured trucks and airplanes. These vehicles were outfitted with advertising banners and billboards. Apart from mere screening of films and performances, Shaw cinemas went further to entice and involve their audiences and patrons in their business. For example, Movie theme marketing was another effective method at drawing attention. Within the cinema itself, the Shaw marketing team would organise theme screenings with audiences dressed up in movie themes. Another was the red head promotion at the Capitol in 1956 for the premiere of Slightly Scarlet. Girls who flaunted the loveliest red hair were given a spray of flowers and a voucher for free hairdo with a leading hairstylist. As a source of publicity, personal appearances by stars created maximum impact for their films wherever they went. Touring stars from Hollywood or Shaw Studios added glamour to movie premieres, cinema openings, festivals, charities as well as other events in Singapore and all over Malaysia. Autograph signing sessions never failed to draw crowds as well as interest from the press. These events and contests were considered new and exciting to Singaporeans during the post war periods. The Shaw cinemas at its peak during this period not only created a platform that united community from different ethnicity and languages; it further created a form of lifestyle and mass culture amongst the community that indulged in mass consumption of entertainment. The impact was far-reaching that it even introduced to the community the first time the idea of star chasing and the glamour to be a successful celebrity. Amusement parks operated by the Shaw Brothers during post-war Singapore were also familiar sights. Since 1930s, it had always been an unforgettable experience for populace of Singapore to visit these amusement parks.  [8]  These amusement parks resumed business shortly after the war; continued to offer variety and non-stop offerings which could not be found in traditional culture and entertainment venues. It was a crucible of new culture forms, as old contents transformed to meet changing popular taste, and new ones were introduced to suit the diverse crowds. Popular live stage shows featuring all forms of dances, game contests, magic shows, comedy shows, fashion parades as well as band performances before the screening of movies. Some stage shows featured local or visiting celebrities, but most of the time they were performed by amateurs or semi-professionals. Then there were the contests based on fads. In addition, depending on what was popular at the time, dance contests were held regularly. In 1956, with rock and roll sweeping the film world, a rock and roll contest was held at the Great World Caberet to promote Rock around the Clock. In 1957, the same venue was used for the cha cha cha contest to promote the film Cha Cha Cha Boom. In 1963, with twisting films increasingly popular, a twisting contest was held at Sky.  [9]   One of the highlights in the amusement parks was the bangsawan which was a travelling commercial theatre meant to generate profits. Although the main language used was Malay, the bangsawan as a cultural form was effectively multicultural.  [10]  Bangsawan was a popular culture that transcends all boundaries; ethnicity, linguistic and cultural. Not only was the profile of the audience cut across class distinction, it was also multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. In the amusement parks, there were also other forms of popular culture such as the Chinese Wayang, band performances, open air cinema, and Malay social dances. Consequently, this process of assimilating traditional performance groups, and especially travelling theatres in the amusement parks inevitably resulted in the transformation of different cultural forms.  [11]  When bangsawan was assimilated into the urban amusement parks, it featured an improbable variety of shows. To fill in time between acts, or before and after each play, there would be musical and dance interludes. Until mid 1960s, Singapore was largely socially stratified and each person was kept to exclusive clubs and clan associations. Amusement parks on the other hand were accessible to any social groups. The various cultural forms which were adapted allowed for different degrees of participation in the show, depending only on the amount of money one could spare. This loosening of boundaries of the urban amusement parks hence provided everyone a glimpse into the different cultures, practices, and leisure life of the diverse community living in Singapore.  [12]  Such opportunities during post war or prior independence were rare. The urban amusement parks were then a different world to the visitors where they could participate in leisure activities and cultural performances of the various communities, all at once, within a single community. Both Shaw Cinema and amusement parks played a major role in attracting multiethnic groups under one roof and consuming the diverse forms of entertainment, culture and technological advancements which never failed to evoke strong sensations and excitement amongst the patrons. The cinema films also played a role in evoking nationalism and shaping of the Nanyang identity during the post-war period. Perhaps, it could be argued that these avenues to a certain extent provided refuge from reality and the harshness of life during post-war Singapore. The impact of publicity and marketing was so far-reaching amongst the local community that the culture of star chasing then mirrored the image and glamour pop and movie stars enjoy in contemporary Singapore. Blibiography Barbara Leitch Lepoer, ed. Singapore: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989. Sai-Shing Yung, Territorialization and the Entertainment Industry of the Shaw Brothers in Southeast Asia, China Forever: The Shaw Brothers and Diasporic Cinema, ed. Poshek Fu, pp. 133-153. Tan Sooi Beng, From Popular to Traditional Theater: The Dynamics of Change in Bangsawan of Malaysia, Ethnomusicology, vol.33, no.2, Spring-Summer 1989, pp.229-237 Wong Yunn Chii and Tan Kar Lin, Emergence of a cosmopolitan space for culture and consumption: the New World Amusement Park- Singapore(1923-70) in the inter-war years, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, Volume 5, Number 2, 2004, pp. 279-304

What Happened Next in Rip Van Winkle ? :: Rip Van Winkle Essays

What Happened Next in Rip Van Winkle ? Rip Van Winkle acquired a belief the day he fell asleep---July 3, 1766, say---a belief that that day was a fine day. He held this belief under the character ``Today [the day of this thought] is nice.'' Then he slept for twenty years and two days, until July 5, 1786, and walked back to town.   What happened next? The possibility that struck Kaplan and Evans is that Rip merely updated his belief. On July 3rd he never forms any explicit belief other than ``Today [the day of this thought] is a nice day''. When he awakes on July 5th, the belief is updated, due to his awareness of having slept through a night, and his lack of awareness of having slept twenty additinal years, to ``Yesterday [the day before the day of this thought] was a nice day.'' He falls out of epsitemic contact with the current day when he falls asleep, but has a ready-made character in mind for when he wakes up. But then what is there left of the original belief except the false one about July 4th? But the false belief can not be the true belief, so hasn't Rip lost the belief in question? This seems to be the argument that threatened Kaplan and appealed to Evans. But even in the case of such thin updating, there are backup characters for Rip to hold his belief under. When Rip believes, towards evening, as it grows dark, ``Today [the day of this thought] was a nice day,'' he has memories of seeing the flowers and feeling the sun, and so forth. So the character, ``That day [the day I remember] is or was a nice day'' is available to sustain his belief, when the attempt at updating goes awry. Even if these memories fade, there is the character, ``That day [the day this belief was acquired] is or was a nice day.'' So my view is this. When he awakes on July 5th, Rip updates his belief according to his view of how the context has changed. His view about the change of context is mistaken, and the new character, ``Yesterday [the day before the day of this thought] was nice'' is not a way of believing the original content. But that is no reason to say that Rip has lost his original belief.